Factors controlling stability of natural slopes are type of soil, environmental conditions, groundwater, stress history, rainfall, cloud burst, earthquakes, etc. Several factors, natural and manmade, such as heavy rainfall, unplanned construction, deforestation, restricting waterways of rivers and their tributaries are major causes for instability of slopes. Landslides in slopes and failures of embankment and cut slopes lead to loss of life and property. Optimization of reinforcement length from face end of the slope and slope - reinforcement interactions are also presented.
This chapter presents review of literature and design methodologies available for reinforced slopes with granular and marginal backfills. Designing geosynthetic reinforced slope with minimum length of geosynthetics leads to economy. Methods developed for unreinforced slopes have been extended to analyze geosynthetic reinforced slopes accounting for the presence of reinforcement. Use of geosynthetics for steep slope construction considering design and environmental aspects could be a viable alternative to these issues. Steepening of slopes for construction of rail/road embankments or for widening of existing roads is a necessity for development. Manmade slopes are formed for embankments and cuttings.
Slope instability of natural slope depends on natural and manmade factors such as excessive rainfall, earthquakes, deforestation, unplanned construction activity, etc.
Slope failures lead to loss of life and damage to property.
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